These evidence-based resources provide information and guidance on issues of health and racial equality.

If there are any resources you feel complement the Briefing Papers on this website, please use the forum, or email the Foundation's Information Officer, Kat Nower.

Delivering race equality: Focused implementation site project
Zahno, K. and Rhule, C., Central and North West London Foundation Trust, 2010
This report outlines the work done by the Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust as one of the Department of Health’s 17 Focused Implementation Sites in its Delivering Race Equality Action Plan. CNWL’s work aimed to reduce the disproportionate admission and detention of black and minority ethnic people in psychiatric inpatient units and prisons. It sought to do this by engaging more actively with black and minority ethnic communities and service-users, to ensure that it provided more culturally competent mental health services.

Ethnic differences in psychological well-being in adolescence in the context of time spent in family activities
Maynard, M. and Harding, S. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 2010
This study examines the influence of family activities upon differences in mental health among black and minority ethnic adolescents.

‘We’re doing our best’: African-Caribbean fathers’ views and experiences of fatherhood, health, and preventive primary care services
Williams, Dr R., and Hewison, Dr A., School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, 2009
This study examines the health experiences of African-Caribbean fathers in Birmingham. It investigates their views on preventive primary care services, and identifies possible implications for practice, policy, and future research.

Cancer incidence and survival by major ethnic group, England, 2002-2006
National Cancer Intelligence Network and Cancer Research UK, June 2009
This report provides analyses of the incidence of the most common types of cancer by ethnic group and survival statistics for breast, lung, colorectal and prostate cancers.

Developing obesity prevention interventions among minority ethnic children in schools and places of worship: The DEAL (DiEt and Active Living) study
Maynard, M.J. et al, BMC Public Health, 9(480), 2009
This study investigated the use of child- and family-based interventions to reduce obesity among black and minority ethnic children. It reports on the relative success of a population approach (in schools) and a targeted approach (in places of worship).

Psychiatric services for black and minority ethnic older people
Royal College of Pyschiatrists, August 2009
This report examines the mental health needs and psychiatric services of black and minority ethnic older people, considering demographic changes, recent research, good practice, and changes in policy.

Bass Line 2008-09: The African health and sex survey
Sigma Research, 2009
This document reports data from ‘Bass Line 2008-09’, an assessment of the sexual HIV prevention needs of African people, conducted by Sigma Research in collaboration with health promoters throughout England.This data supplements the main report which describes the survey methods and sets the questions in context.

Cancer incidence and survival by major ethnic group, England, 2002-2006
Cancer Research UK and National Cancer Intelligence Network, June 2009
This report provides a breakdown of cancer incidence and survival by ethnic group. Whilst no epidemiological explanations are given for the data, it provides a comprehensive source of data.

Ethnic differences in physical activity and obesity
This paper uses the Health Survey for England (HSE) and the results of three focus groups of Pakistani and Kashmiri women to examine ethnic differences in diet, physical activity and obesity in adults.  The report examines gender differences in obesity levels and physical activity in eight ethnic groups, taking into account individual and local factors that may also influence health outcomes.

Gypsies’ and Travellers’ experience of using urgent care services within NHS Brighton and Hove boundaries
Hall, V.; Sadouni, M.; Fuller, A., University of Brighton and Friends, Families and Travellers, April 2008 - August 2009
The study investigated the extent to which Accident and Emergency (A&E) or other urgent care services are being used by Gypsies and Travellers and examined whether more appropriate and effective interventions could be put in place to meet their urgent healthcare needs.

Inequalities in maternal health: National cohort study of ethnic variation in severe maternal morbidities
Knight, M. et al, British Medical Journal, 338:b542, 2009
This report outlines the ethnic differences in severe maternal morbidity in the United Kingdom.  Using the monthly UKOSS mailing to obtain quantitative data, the report found significantly higher rates of morbidity among black and minority ethnic mothers.

Opportunity for development or necessary nuisance? The case for viewing working with interpreters as a bonus in therapeutic work
Tribe, R. and Thompson, K., International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 5(2), September 2009
This literature review explores the benefits of using interpreters when providing therapy.  In contrast to most papers in this area, this report argues that using interpreters allows greater sensitivity to cultural perspectives and the importance of language in therapeutic exchange.

These evidence-based resources provide information and guidance on issues of health and racial equality.

If there are any resources you feel complement the Briefing Papers on this website, please use the forum, or email the Foundation's Information Officer, Kat Nower.

Reaching Out: Working with black and minority ethnic communities
Fox-Kirk, W., Mencap and Midland Mencap, August 2009
This report examines the experiences of black and minority ethnic families in Birmingham who are affected by learning disability. Gathering evidence through interviews with family carers and BME community organisations, the study highlights the difficulties experienced in accessing services, as well as the awareness and perceptions of Mencap’s work, particularly after the appointment of a BME development worker.

Report on the self reported experience of patients from black and minority ethnic groups
Department of Health and National Statistics, June 2009
This report examines variations in the self-reported views of NHS patients from different ethnic groups.  Using feedback from white respondents as a baseline, the survey examines patient responses to issues such as cleanliness, relationships and communication with doctors and other staff, and information relating to medication.

Tackling the challenge: Promoting race equality in the NHS in England
Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection, March 2009
This report considers the extent to which the NHS is meeting the legal basic building blocks in promoting race equality. It outlines the ethnic make-up of the population and NHS workforce respectively, and highlights the obligation to meet race equality standards and the health needs of different ethnic groups. It also considers the progress made in meeting these targets, and sets out guidance for the future.

The ‘Twice a Child’ projects: Learning about dementia and related disorders within the black and minority ethnic population of an English city and improving relevant services
Jolley, D. et al, Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care, 2(4), December 2009
This reports the findings of a study into the obstacles to mental health care for black and minority ethnic elders.  With many elders unable or unwilling to access appropriate services, the studies highlighted both culturally specific and general issues, including fear and stigma of mental disorders within black and minority communities, linguistic barriers and lack of knowledge of dementia compared to the normal features of aging.  The report also provides recommendations for successful promotion of dementia services to black and minority ethnic elders, highlighting in particular the role of culturally competent link nurses.

Beyond We Care Too
National Black Carers and Carers Workers Network, Afiya Trust, 2008
This report from the National Black Carers and Carers Workers Network examines the needs of black and minority ethnic carers, considering recent research and policy and legislative developments for caring. It also provides case studies on a number of issues which may have an impact upon BME carers, including individual budgets, learning disabilities, young carers, and people with sensory impairments (Hearing and Sight).

Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality among migrants in England and Wales, 1979-2003: Slow declines notable for some groups.
Harding, S., Rosato, M., and Teyhan, A.,, Heart, 94(4), April 2008
Thsi study examines trends in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in migrants to England and Wales. Although highlighting a general decline in death rates between 1979 and 2003, there were some discrepancies, for example, in coronary mortality for men born in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Poland.

Black and minority ethnic parents with mental health problems and their children
Greene, R., Pugh, R., and Roberts, D., SCIE Research briefing 29, September 2008
This literature review examines the experiences of black and minority families where one or both parents have severe or enduring mental health problems.

Ethnic differences in overweight and obesity in early adolescence in the MRC DASH study: the role of adolescent and parental lifestyle
Harding, S. et al, International Journal of Epidemiology, 37, 2008
This study considers the influence of lifestyle factors such as dietary practices, physical activity and parental smoking upon levels of obesity amongst black and minority ethnic young people.

‘They're more like ordinary stroppy British women’: Attitudes and expectations of maternity care professionals to UK-born ethnic minority women
Puthussery, S.; Twamley, K.; Harding, S.; Mirsky, J.; Baron, M.; and Macfarlane, A., Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 13, 2008
This study explores the attitudes and expectations of maternity care professionals to UK-born minority ethnic mothers, considering whether specific behavioural expectations and unconscious stereotypical views were evident.

“A good job for a traveller?” Exploring Gypsy and Travellers’ perceptions of health and social care careers: Barriers and solutions to recruitment, training and retention of social care students
Greenfields, M., Buckinghamshire New University, July 2008
This study considers why Gypsies and Travellers are underrepresented in health employment, and examines knowledge, attitudes and experience of young Gypsies and Travellers towards employment in the health and social care sector.

A qualitative study of the health experience of Gypsy Travellers in the UK with a focus on terminal illness
Jesper, E.; Griffiths, F.; and Smith, S., University of Warwick, 2008
This study considers the experience of terminal illness and health care access for Gypsy Travellers, and provides guidance to inform palliative and primary care service provision.

A review of black and minority ethnic (BME) employee experiences of workplace bullying
Giga, S. I.; Hoel, H.; and Lewis, D., Research Commissioned by the Dignity at Work Partnership, 2008
This report highlights the extent of black and minority ethnic employee experiences of workplace bullying, and develops a business case for tackling workplace bullying from a BME perspective. Recommendations and guidance are then presented.

These evidence-based resources provide information and guidance on issues of health and racial equality.

If there are any resources you feel complement the Briefing Papers on this website, please use the forum, or email the Foundation's Information Officer, Kat Nower.

Black and minority ethnic parents with mental health problems and their children
Greene, R.; Pugh, R.; and Roberts, D., Social Care Institute for Excellence, SCIE Research Briefing 29, September 2008
This briefing covers research that helps to understand the experiences of black and minority ethnic families where one or both parents have severe or enduring mental health problems and where children are under the age of 18. The briefing does not include older people (those aged 65 and over), dementia, detailed evaluations of services and interventions, or experiences of particular services.

Count me in: The national mental health and learning disability ethnicity census
Care Quality Commission, 2005-2010
This site provides high quality census data showing analysis of mental health patients by ethnicity.

Disclosure of HIV status: The role of ethnicity among people living with HIV in London
Elford, J., PhD; Fowzia, I., MSc; Bukutu, C., PhD; Anderson, J., MBBS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 47(4), 1 April 2008
This study examines HIV disclosure among people living with HIV in London, using quantitative methods to discover patterns of disclosure to friends and family amongst different ethnic groups.

Scoping exercise with black and minority ethnic groups on perceptions of mental wellbeing in Scotland
Newbigging, K. et al, Centre for Ethnicity and Health, Health Scotland,  August 2008
This study provides the results of interviews and an extensive literature review into perceptions of mental wellbeing by black and minority ethnic communities (BME).  The report explores different interpretations of what is meant by mental health, highlighting the importance of spirituality in black and minority perceptions of good  mental wellbeing.

The drivers of black and Asian people’s perceptions of racial discrimination by public services: A qualitative study
Gervais, M., Department for Communities and Local Government, January 2008
This study uses qualitative methods, such as individual in-depth interviews, to examine perceptions of racial discrimination in public services by black and minority ethnic people.  Considering factors such as personal beliefs and level of awareness, the report pinpoints the most influential drivers of perceived racism and considers how these might be used to improve services for black minority ethnic service users.  Although the report covers 8 major areas of public services, Chapter 6 covers the perception of discrimination in doctor’s surgeries in detail.

The work-life experiences of black nurses in the UK
Dhaliwal, S. and McKay, S., Royal College of Nursing, 2008
This qualitative study examines the views of 30 established black and minority ethnic nurses most of who had been working in the UK for at least 20 years.  The report considers their perceptions of their work-live experiences, focussing on issues such as pay, promotion, working hours and racism.

Causal attributions, lifestyle change and coronary heart disease: Illness beliefs of patients of South Asian and European origin living in the UK
Darr, A., Astin, F., and Atkin, K., White Rose Research Online, March 2007
This study examines and compares the beliefs of South Asian and European patients about causes of their coronary heart disease, considering factors such as smoking, diet and lifestyle.

Family support and cardiac rehabilitation: A comparative study of the experiences of South Asian and white patients and their carers
Astin, F., Atkin, K., and Darr, A., White Rose Research Online, June 2007
This paper considers the recovery pathways of patients discharged from hospital after cardiac events, such as myocardial infarction (MI). It highlights a number of factors including socioeconomic factors, gender, culture, access to cardiac rehabilitation and social support that may influence the relative recovery of patients from different ethnic backgrounds.

Black and minority ethnic and internationally recruited nurses
Pike, G, and Ball, J., Royal College of Nursing, 2007
This report brings together the findings from previous RCN employment surveys to present a picture of the experiences of internationally trained and recruited nurses.

Long-term ill health, poverty and ethnicity
Salway, S. et al, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, April 2007
This study used qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the links between long-term ill health and poverty for four ethnic ‘groups’: Bangladeshis, Pakistanis, White English (White British in the quantitative work) and Ghanaians (Black Africans in the quantitative work).

Rates, risk factors & methods of self harm among minority ethnic groups in the UK: a systematic review
Bhui, K., McKenzie, K. and Rasul, F., BMC Public Health, 7 (336), 2007
This literature review examined research about self harm that compared at least two ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. However, the research also highlighted the lack of comprehensive coverage of the UK's diverse ethnic groups.

BASS Line 2007 survey: Assessing the sexual HIV prevention needs of African people in England
Dodds, C.; Hickson, F.; Weatherburn, P.; Reid, D.; Hammond, G.; Jessup, K.; and Godwin Adegbite, Sigma Research, 2007
This document reports data from ‘Bass Line 2007’, an assessment of the sexual HIV prevention needs of African people, conducted by Sigma Research in collaboration with health promoters throughout England.This data supplements the main report which describes the survey methods and sets the questions in context.

These evidence-based resources provide information and guidance on issues of health and racial equality.

If there are any resources you feel complement the Briefing Papers on this website, please use the forum, or email the Foundation's Information Officer, Kat Nower.

A review of research among black African Communities affected by HIV in the UK and Europe
Prost, A., African HIV Research Forum, 2006
This review summarises the literature on prevention interventions with African migrant communities affected by HIV in the UK and other European countries, and makes recommendations for future interventions.

Are we there yet? Identifying the characteristics of social care organisations that successfully promote diversity
Butt, J., Race equality discussion paper 03, Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2006
This discussion paper considers the characteristics of social care organisations that successfully promote diversity, exploring research on the barriers to diversity and how they can be overcome.

Factors affecting hospital staff judgments about sickle cell disease pain
Elander,J. et al, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(2), April 2006
This study examines healthcare professionals' views of pain amongst sickle cell sufferers, using a vignette study to examine their judgments towards patients with genuine symptoms of addiction compared to patients whose behavior merely resembles those symptoms.

Potential barriers to the use of health services among ethnic minorities: A review
Emmanuel Scheppers, Els van Dongen, Jos Dekker, Jan Geertzen and Joost Dekker. Family Practice 2006; 23: 325–348
This literature review explores the barriers faced by black and minority ethnic patients when using health services, considering issues including issues such as language, the skills of practitioners and the patient's own patient of their illness.

The Reaching Out Project: Report on preliminary consultations May - July 2005
Gaudion, A., Maternity Alliance and Medact, June 2006
This report gives a summary of ‘Reaching Out’, a pilot project to improve access to maternity services for highly marginalised black and minority ethnic women.  The project targeted pregnant women and families with young infants to discern their healthcare needs, and improve access to support services, benefits and antenatal and postnatal care.

Delivering race equality: An independent inquiry into the death of David Bennett
Department of Health, January 2005
This document combines a five-year action plan for reducing inequalities in Black and minority ethnic patients’ access to, experience of, and outcomes from mental health services; and the Government response to the recommendations made by the inquiry into the death of David Bennett.

Improving support for black disabled people: Lessons from community organisations on making change happen
Singh, B., Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2005
This study reviews the JRF’s Making Change Happen Programme, which provided a year’s funding to four grassroots development organisations with a track record in providing support to black disabled people. The report sets out the learning that emerged from the four development projects, with detailed case studies from two of the projects; and practical pointers for voluntary and community organisations wishing to improve support to black and minority ethnic disabled people.

Indications of public health in the English regions 4: Ethnicity and health
Jacobson, B.; Fitzpatrick, J.; and Aspinall, P., Association of Public Health Observatories, 2005
This report provides a comprehensive regional analysis of inequalities in health and health care between ethnic groups in England, and also examines workforce data by ethnic group. It includes a broad range of statistics including educational attainment, provision of free-school meals, and employment status.

Internationally recruited nurses in London: Profile and implications for policy
Buchan, J.; Jobanputra, R.; Gough, P.; and Hutt, R., Kings Fund, September 2005
This paper outlines the overall trends in numbers of nurses coming to the UK, and examines the policy context in which international recruitment activity has been conducted. It then reports on the motivations, experiences, career plans and country and demographic profile of recently recruited international nurses working in London. It also gives insight into why they came to the UK, and their future intentions.

Migration and health in the UK
Kelly, R. et al, Institute for Public Policy Research, 1 February 2005
This report examines the impact of migration upon health in the UK, looking at new migrants as both NHS employees and service users.  It gives a comprehensive overview of the issues relating to migration and health, providing a breakdown of overseas staff working in the UK, and considering issues such as 'health worker braindrains'; the health impact of migration; health tourism, and migrant rights to access healthcare.

Ethnic group differences in overweight and obese children and young people in England: cross sectional survey
Saxena, S. et al, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89, 2004
This study analysed data from the Health Survey for England to determine the percentage of black and minority ethnic children and young adults are obese or overweight.

The epidemic of coronary heart disease in South Asian populations: Causes and consequences
Patel, K. C. R., and Bhopal, R. S. (Ed.), South Asian Health Foundation, 2004
This ebook summarises and updates work from ‘The epidemic of coronary heart disease in South Asian populations: causes and consequences’ symposium, hosted by the South Asian Health Foundation in December 2001. Leading researchers presented their research on ethnicity and coronary disease and shared good practice on the management of the condition.

These evidence-based resources provide information and guidance on issues of health and racial equality.

If there are any resources you feel complement the Briefing Papers on this website, please use the forum, or email the Foundation's Information Officer, Kat Nower.

How physically active are South Asians in the United Kingdom? A literature review
Fischbacher,  C. M. Hunt, S.  and Alexander, L., Journal of Public Health, 26(3), 2004
This literature review examines levels of physical activity and fitness in the South Asian population of the UK.  Different studies used different methods of assessing physical activity and fitness, but all  studies reported lower levels among South Asian groups.

Human tissue and blood or organ donation, transplantation and minority ethnic communities: A literature review
Hudson, N., and Johnson, M. R. D., Mary Seacole Research Centre, Working Paper No.6, August 2004
This study considers the issue of tissue, blood and organ donation amongst black and minority ethnic communities, considering factors that may hinder donations including religion, lack of information provision or an unwillingness to discuss the issue amongst healthcare professionals.

The enigma of the Gypsy patient: Guidelines on working with Roma patients
Honer, D., RN, CEN, and Hoppie, P. RN, MSN, Modern Medicine, August 2004
This article provides an overview of some of the issues and problems experienced by healthcare professionals when working with Roma patients, and gives guidance on adapting and improving services.

The health status of Gypsies and Travellers in England
Glenys Parry, G.; Van Cleemput, P.; Peters, J.; Moore, J.; Walters, S.; Thomas, K.; and Cooper, C., School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, October 2004
A team of health services researchers from the University of Sheffield, aided by Gypsy Travellers and health service staff, conducted a large-scale epidemiological study using standard health measures, supplemented by in-depth interviews to explore health experiences, beliefs and attitudes. A survey of Primary Care Trusts and Strategic Health Authorities in England addressed health planning and provision forThis ethnic minority group.

The meanings of cancer and perceptions of cancer services among South Asians in Luton, UK
Randhawa, G., and Owens, A., Cancer Research UK, British Journal of Cancer, 91(1), July 2004
This study examines the knowledge, awareness and attitudes of South Asians in Luton towards cancer and cancer services.

Ethnic diversity and mental health in London: recent developments
Keating, F., The King's Fund, 2003
This paper examines developments in mental health services, and reflects on the needs and experiences of black and minority ethnic communities in London, including specific focus on women, refugees and asylum seekers. The paper also considers possible the implications for the future of mental health services for these groups.

London calling? The international recruitment of health workers to the capital
Buchan, J., et al, The King's Fund, 2003
This study examines the international recruitment of health workers in London, considering issues including the recruitment, retention and support and development of an increasingly diverse workforce. It also questions the ethic implications of international recruitment from nations which may be experiencing their own staff shortages.

Meeting the needs of black and minority ethnic young carers: A literature review and research study for the Willow Young Carers Service
Mills, H., Barnardo’s Policy, Research and Influencing Unit, September 2003
This study examines the experiences of young black and minority ethnic carers, and suggests good practice for organisations supporting young carers.

Pain management and symptoms of substance dependence among patients with sickle cell disease
Elander,J. et al, Social Science & Medicine, 57, 2003
Sickle cell disorders can lead to extremely painful symptoms which may require the prescription of analgesics.  Due to the potentially addictive nature of this treatment, practitioners often fear of dependency on painkillers amongst sickle cell patients.  This study examines pain management amongst patients, considering actual and perceived dependence on analgesics, and also factors which may influence these perceptions, including racism, stereotypes or insufficient staff training.

Supporting South Asian carers and those they care for: The role of the primary health care team
Katbamna, S., Bhakta,, P., Ahmad, W., Baker, R., and Parker, G., British Journal of General Practice, 52, April 2002
This paper examines the role of Primary Care Trusts in supporting South Asian carers and the people they care for. It considers similarities in support needs between South Asian and white British carers, but also outlines culturally specific barriers, such as language, implicit or explicit racism and access to appropriate services.

Best practice in mental health Advocacy for African, Caribbean and South Asian communities
Rai-Atkins, A., et al, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, March 2002
This study examines the need for advocacy services of black and minority ethnic mental health users in the Trent and Yorkshire areas.

Relation between racial discrimination, social class, and health among ethnic minority groups
Karlsen, S., and Nazroo, J. Y., American Journal of Public Health,92(4), April 2002
This study explores associations between racism, social class, and health among ethnic minority people in England and Wales. Marked independent associations existed between reported experience of racism and perceptions of Britain as a “racist society”, household social class, age, sex, and various mental and physical health indicators. These associations showed reasonable consistency across the different ethnic groups.

These evidence-based resources provide information and guidance on issues of health and racial equality.

If there are any resources you feel complement the Briefing Papers on this website, please use the forum, or email the Foundation's Information Officer, Kat Nower.

Mental health of migrant elders — the Islington study
Livingston, G., et al, The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 2001
This study examines the prevalence of dementia and depression in older migrants compared to those born in the UK.

Better services, better health: The healthcare experiences of black and minority ethnic disabled people
Shah, S. and Priestley, M., Leeds Involvement Project, 2001
This easy-to-read qualitative study investigates the healthcare experiences of disabled people from ethnic minorities.  The report highlights issues such as limited cultural competence, racism, disabilism, isolation and communication.

Learning difficulties and ethnicity
Mir, G. Et al, Department of Health, 2001
This report examines the needs of black and minority ethnic people with learning difficulties and of their carers. It also considers the services available to meet those needs, using information obtained from interviews with service providers, user groups, carer organisations and a review of the available pre-existing literature.

Palliative care, cancer and minority ethnic communities: A literature review
Johnson, M. R. D., Mary Seacole Research Centre, Working Paper No.5, May 2001
This study considers the issue of delivering palliative care equitably in a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural society. It provides a review of the literature relating to ethnicity and cancer.

Racism in nursing: A critical realist approach
Condliffe, B., nursingtimes.net, 97(32), 9 August 2001
This article explores racism from the critical realist approach.This is concerned with building theories that account for events in the real world.

Tackling racial harassment in the NHS: Evaluating black and minority ethnic staff's attitudes and experiences
Lemos & Crane, Department of Health, 2001
This study analyses the experiences of racial harassment suffered by black and minority ethnic staff, and the effectiveness of their employers in tackling it. The report considers harassment by patients, relatives or members of the public, and other staff members, such as line managers. Finally, the report gives guidelines for action to reduce bullying and harassment.

Racial harassment, job satisfaction and intentions to quit: Evidence from the British nursing profession
Shields, M.A., and Wheatley Price, S., Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Discussion Paper 164, June 2000
This paper investigates racial harassment in the workplace and its impact, via job satisfaction, on intentions to quit. The paper considers harassment from both patients and other members of staff.

‘They look after their own, don’t they?’ Inspection of community care services for black and ethnic minority older people
Department of Health and Social Services Inspectorate, 1998
This inspection evaluates the extent to which social services departments’ arrangements for planning and delivering community care services appropriately addressed the needs of ethnic minority older people.